COUNTRIES · COMPARE

Heat around the world

Heat is about 47% of the world's energy use. How much depends on how rich a country is, how cold it is and what it burns.

The largest energy users

Heat share in the 20 countries that use the most energy

Heat as a share of final energy use. The dashed line is the world average, 47%.

Heat and income

The poorest countries use most of their energy as heat

Heat as a share of final energy use, against GDP per capita. One dot per country; click a dot to open the country.
  • Europe and Central Asia
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • East Asia and the Pacific
  • Middle East and North Africa
  • South Asia
  • North America
0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k GDP per capita, US$ (log scale) World 47% Albania: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 13,000 Algeria: heat share 47%, GDP per capita US$ 6,050 Angola: heat share 69%, GDP per capita US$ 3,130 Argentina: heat share 40%, GDP per capita US$ 14,900 Armenia: heat share 47%, GDP per capita US$ 9,470 Australia: heat share 33%, GDP per capita US$ 65,100 Austria: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 62,900 Azerbaijan: heat share 52%, GDP per capita US$ 7,410 Bahrain: heat share 30%, GDP per capita US$ 30,600 Bangladesh: heat share 55%, GDP per capita US$ 2,600 Belarus: heat share 58%, GDP per capita US$ 10,300 Belgium: heat share 51%, GDP per capita US$ 60,800 Benin: heat share 55%, GDP per capita US$ 1,660 Bolivia: heat share 30%, GDP per capita US$ 5,150 Bosnia and Herzegovina: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 10,400 Botswana: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 7,780 Brazil: heat share 38%, GDP per capita US$ 10,700 Brunei: heat share 22%, GDP per capita US$ 32,200 Bulgaria: heat share 40%, GDP per capita US$ 20,300 Burkina Faso: heat share 72%, GDP per capita US$ 1,150 Cambodia: heat share 48%, GDP per capita US$ 2,870 Cameroon: heat share 78%, GDP per capita US$ 1,970 Canada: heat share 41%, GDP per capita US$ 55,700 Chad: heat share 88%, GDP per capita US$ 1,020 Chile: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 18,000 China: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 13,900 Colombia: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 8,560 Costa Rica: heat share 24%, GDP per capita US$ 20,000 Croatia: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 27,100 Cuba: heat share 62%, GDP per capita US$ 9,610 Curaçao: heat share 43%, GDP per capita US$ 22,800 Cyprus: heat share 30%, GDP per capita US$ 41,800 Czechia: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 35,900 Côte d'Ivoire: heat share 64%, GDP per capita US$ 3,050 DR Congo: heat share 93%, GDP per capita US$ 810 Denmark: heat share 46%, GDP per capita US$ 77,000 Dominican Republic: heat share 38%, GDP per capita US$ 11,100 Ecuador: heat share 25%, GDP per capita US$ 7,130 Egypt: heat share 38%, GDP per capita US$ 3,090 El Salvador: heat share 34%, GDP per capita US$ 5,770 Equatorial Guinea: heat share 70%, GDP per capita US$ 6,620 Eritrea: heat share 83%, GDP per capita US$ 690 Estonia: heat share 47%, GDP per capita US$ 34,400 Eswatini: heat share 63%, GDP per capita US$ 4,110 Ethiopia: heat share 91%, GDP per capita US$ 930 Finland: heat share 57%, GDP per capita US$ 56,100 France: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 49,000 Gabon: heat share 94%, GDP per capita US$ 8,260 Georgia: heat share 45%, GDP per capita US$ 9,690 Germany: heat share 52%, GDP per capita US$ 60,500 Ghana: heat share 39%, GDP per capita US$ 3,260 Greece: heat share 33%, GDP per capita US$ 26,900 Guatemala: heat share 66%, GDP per capita US$ 6,600 Haiti: heat share 88%, GDP per capita US$ 2,690 Honduras: heat share 46%, GDP per capita US$ 3,600 Hong Kong: heat share 17%, GDP per capita US$ 57,000 Hungary: heat share 51%, GDP per capita US$ 25,900 Iceland: heat share 30%, GDP per capita US$ 98,300 India: heat share 60%, GDP per capita US$ 2,700 Indonesia: heat share 39%, GDP per capita US$ 5,060 Iran: heat share 60%, GDP per capita US$ 3,920 Iraq: heat share 36%, GDP per capita US$ 5,410 Ireland: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 131,600 Israel: heat share 19%, GDP per capita US$ 60,300 Italy: heat share 41%, GDP per capita US$ 43,300 Jamaica: heat share 32%, GDP per capita US$ 8,000 Japan: heat share 39%, GDP per capita US$ 36,000 Jordan: heat share 30%, GDP per capita US$ 5,350 Kazakhstan: heat share 59%, GDP per capita US$ 14,700 Kenya: heat share 76%, GDP per capita US$ 2,360 Kosovo: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 7,900 Kuwait: heat share 36%, GDP per capita US$ 32,300 Kyrgyzstan: heat share 56%, GDP per capita US$ 3,080 Laos: heat share 52%, GDP per capita US$ 2,320 Latvia: heat share 56%, GDP per capita US$ 26,300 Lebanon: heat share 25%, GDP per capita US$ 4,470 Libya: heat share 23%, GDP per capita US$ 6,450 Lithuania: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 33,000 Luxembourg: heat share 32%, GDP per capita US$ 147,300 Madagascar: heat share 90%, GDP per capita US$ 600 Malaysia: heat share 28%, GDP per capita US$ 13,100 Malta: heat share 15%, GDP per capita US$ 47,900 Mauritius: heat share 24%, GDP per capita US$ 13,000 Mexico: heat share 32%, GDP per capita US$ 13,900 Moldova: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 8,620 Mongolia: heat share 61%, GDP per capita US$ 7,110 Montenegro: heat share 40%, GDP per capita US$ 14,800 Morocco: heat share 38%, GDP per capita US$ 4,670 Mozambique: heat share 72%, GDP per capita US$ 630 Myanmar: heat share 68%, GDP per capita US$ 1,490 Namibia: heat share 34%, GDP per capita US$ 4,880 Nepal: heat share 83%, GDP per capita US$ 1,540 Netherlands: heat share 52%, GDP per capita US$ 73,700 New Zealand: heat share 36%, GDP per capita US$ 49,600 Nicaragua: heat share 59%, GDP per capita US$ 3,170 Niger: heat share 82%, GDP per capita US$ 780 Nigeria: heat share 62%, GDP per capita US$ 1,220 North Macedonia: heat share 41%, GDP per capita US$ 10,500 Norway: heat share 34%, GDP per capita US$ 94,600 Oman: heat share 64%, GDP per capita US$ 19,900 Pakistan: heat share 68%, GDP per capita US$ 1,600 Panama: heat share 23%, GDP per capita US$ 19,800 Paraguay: heat share 38%, GDP per capita US$ 7,030 Peru: heat share 34%, GDP per capita US$ 9,680 Philippines: heat share 40%, GDP per capita US$ 4,170 Poland: heat share 46%, GDP per capita US$ 28,400 Portugal: heat share 35%, GDP per capita US$ 32,100 Qatar: heat share 58%, GDP per capita US$ 72,500 Republic of the Congo: heat share 69%, GDP per capita US$ 2,510 Romania: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 22,500 Russia: heat share 61%, GDP per capita US$ 17,500 Rwanda: heat share 88%, GDP per capita US$ 1,120 Saudi Arabia: heat share 32%, GDP per capita US$ 34,500 Senegal: heat share 43%, GDP per capita US$ 1,950 Serbia: heat share 51%, GDP per capita US$ 15,300 Singapore: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 98,800 Slovakia: heat share 53%, GDP per capita US$ 28,500 Slovenia: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 37,400 South Africa: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 6,600 South Korea: heat share 34%, GDP per capita US$ 36,200 South Sudan: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 1,080 Spain: heat share 33%, GDP per capita US$ 38,600 Sri Lanka: heat share 55%, GDP per capita US$ 5,000 Sudan: heat share 66%, GDP per capita US$ 1,160 Suriname: heat share 13%, GDP per capita US$ 7,070 Sweden: heat share 50%, GDP per capita US$ 63,100 Switzerland: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 114,800 Syria: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 1,060 Tajikistan: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 1,640 Tanzania: heat share 85%, GDP per capita US$ 1,320 Thailand: heat share 36%, GDP per capita US$ 8,060 Togo: heat share 75%, GDP per capita US$ 1,380 Trinidad and Tobago: heat share 37%, GDP per capita US$ 19,000 Tunisia: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 4,660 Turkmenistan: heat share 78%, GDP per capita US$ 6,540 Türkiye: heat share 46%, GDP per capita US$ 18,600 Uganda: heat share 89%, GDP per capita US$ 1,210 Ukraine: heat share 72%, GDP per capita US$ 5,870 United Arab Emirates: heat share 57%, GDP per capita US$ 50,300 United Kingdom: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 57,600 United States: heat share 33%, GDP per capita US$ 90,000 Uruguay: heat share 55%, GDP per capita US$ 25,200 Uzbekistan: heat share 64%, GDP per capita US$ 3,970 Venezuela: heat share 40%, GDP per capita US$ 3,490 Vietnam: heat share 42%, GDP per capita US$ 5,070 Yemen: heat share 44%, GDP per capita US$ 630 Zambia: heat share 80%, GDP per capita US$ 1,320 Zimbabwe: heat share 74%, GDP per capita US$ 3,020 Brazil China Ethiopia Germany India Israel Japan Nigeria Russia Sweden United States Zimbabwe

In low-income countries most energy is wood and charcoal for cooking, so heat can be 80–90% of all energy use. As incomes rise, transport and electricity grow, and the heat share settles around a third to a half.

Fossil heat and income

As countries get richer, their heat turns fossil

Share of heat that comes from coal, oil and gas (including the fossil part of district heating), against GDP per capita.
  • Europe and Central Asia
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • East Asia and the Pacific
  • Middle East and North Africa
  • South Asia
  • North America
0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k GDP per capita, US$ (log scale) Albania: fossil share of heat 73%, GDP per capita US$ 13,000 Algeria: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 6,050 Angola: fossil share of heat 37%, GDP per capita US$ 3,130 Argentina: fossil share of heat 96%, GDP per capita US$ 14,900 Armenia: fossil share of heat 90%, GDP per capita US$ 9,470 Australia: fossil share of heat 80%, GDP per capita US$ 65,100 Austria: fossil share of heat 54%, GDP per capita US$ 62,900 Azerbaijan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 7,410 Bahrain: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 30,600 Bangladesh: fossil share of heat 58%, GDP per capita US$ 2,600 Belarus: fossil share of heat 86%, GDP per capita US$ 10,300 Belgium: fossil share of heat 89%, GDP per capita US$ 60,800 Benin: fossil share of heat 11%, GDP per capita US$ 1,660 Bolivia: fossil share of heat 70%, GDP per capita US$ 5,150 Bosnia and Herzegovina: fossil share of heat 33%, GDP per capita US$ 10,400 Botswana: fossil share of heat 26%, GDP per capita US$ 7,780 Brazil: fossil share of heat 37%, GDP per capita US$ 10,700 Brunei: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 32,200 Bulgaria: fossil share of heat 61%, GDP per capita US$ 20,300 Burkina Faso: fossil share of heat 9%, GDP per capita US$ 1,150 Cambodia: fossil share of heat 29%, GDP per capita US$ 2,870 Cameroon: fossil share of heat 6%, GDP per capita US$ 1,970 Canada: fossil share of heat 88%, GDP per capita US$ 55,700 Chad: fossil share of heat 9%, GDP per capita US$ 1,020 Chile: fossil share of heat 63%, GDP per capita US$ 18,000 China: fossil share of heat 91%, GDP per capita US$ 13,900 Colombia: fossil share of heat 69%, GDP per capita US$ 8,560 Costa Rica: fossil share of heat 59%, GDP per capita US$ 20,000 Croatia: fossil share of heat 59%, GDP per capita US$ 27,100 Cuba: fossil share of heat 85%, GDP per capita US$ 9,610 Curaçao: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 22,800 Cyprus: fossil share of heat 56%, GDP per capita US$ 41,800 Czechia: fossil share of heat 70%, GDP per capita US$ 35,900 Côte d'Ivoire: fossil share of heat 17%, GDP per capita US$ 3,050 DR Congo: fossil share of heat 0%, GDP per capita US$ 810 Denmark: fossil share of heat 42%, GDP per capita US$ 77,000 Dominican Republic: fossil share of heat 74%, GDP per capita US$ 11,100 Ecuador: fossil share of heat 89%, GDP per capita US$ 7,130 Egypt: fossil share of heat 93%, GDP per capita US$ 3,090 El Salvador: fossil share of heat 90%, GDP per capita US$ 5,770 Equatorial Guinea: fossil share of heat 85%, GDP per capita US$ 6,620 Eritrea: fossil share of heat 4%, GDP per capita US$ 690 Estonia: fossil share of heat 33%, GDP per capita US$ 34,400 Eswatini: fossil share of heat 10%, GDP per capita US$ 4,110 Ethiopia: fossil share of heat 6%, GDP per capita US$ 930 Finland: fossil share of heat 29%, GDP per capita US$ 56,100 France: fossil share of heat 73%, GDP per capita US$ 49,000 Gabon: fossil share of heat 5%, GDP per capita US$ 8,260 Georgia: fossil share of heat 89%, GDP per capita US$ 9,690 Germany: fossil share of heat 81%, GDP per capita US$ 60,500 Ghana: fossil share of heat 28%, GDP per capita US$ 3,260 Greece: fossil share of heat 71%, GDP per capita US$ 26,900 Guatemala: fossil share of heat 13%, GDP per capita US$ 6,600 Haiti: fossil share of heat 4%, GDP per capita US$ 2,690 Honduras: fossil share of heat 29%, GDP per capita US$ 3,600 Hong Kong: fossil share of heat 93%, GDP per capita US$ 57,000 Hungary: fossil share of heat 75%, GDP per capita US$ 25,900 Iceland: fossil share of heat 4%, GDP per capita US$ 98,300 India: fossil share of heat 53%, GDP per capita US$ 2,700 Indonesia: fossil share of heat 81%, GDP per capita US$ 5,060 Iran: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 3,920 Iraq: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 5,410 Ireland: fossil share of heat 91%, GDP per capita US$ 131,600 Israel: fossil share of heat 81%, GDP per capita US$ 60,300 Italy: fossil share of heat 84%, GDP per capita US$ 43,300 Jamaica: fossil share of heat 83%, GDP per capita US$ 8,000 Japan: fossil share of heat 92%, GDP per capita US$ 36,000 Jordan: fossil share of heat 86%, GDP per capita US$ 5,350 Kazakhstan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 14,700 Kenya: fossil share of heat 13%, GDP per capita US$ 2,360 Kosovo: fossil share of heat 51%, GDP per capita US$ 7,900 Kuwait: fossil share of heat 98%, GDP per capita US$ 32,300 Kyrgyzstan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 3,080 Laos: fossil share of heat 23%, GDP per capita US$ 2,320 Latvia: fossil share of heat 32%, GDP per capita US$ 26,300 Lebanon: fossil share of heat 53%, GDP per capita US$ 4,470 Libya: fossil share of heat 91%, GDP per capita US$ 6,450 Lithuania: fossil share of heat 43%, GDP per capita US$ 33,000 Luxembourg: fossil share of heat 84%, GDP per capita US$ 147,300 Madagascar: fossil share of heat 6%, GDP per capita US$ 600 Malaysia: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 13,100 Malta: fossil share of heat 88%, GDP per capita US$ 47,900 Mauritius: fossil share of heat 93%, GDP per capita US$ 13,000 Mexico: fossil share of heat 80%, GDP per capita US$ 13,900 Moldova: fossil share of heat 56%, GDP per capita US$ 8,620 Mongolia: fossil share of heat 96%, GDP per capita US$ 7,110 Montenegro: fossil share of heat 32%, GDP per capita US$ 14,800 Morocco: fossil share of heat 79%, GDP per capita US$ 4,670 Mozambique: fossil share of heat 7%, GDP per capita US$ 630 Myanmar: fossil share of heat 14%, GDP per capita US$ 1,490 Namibia: fossil share of heat 69%, GDP per capita US$ 4,880 Nepal: fossil share of heat 19%, GDP per capita US$ 1,540 Netherlands: fossil share of heat 91%, GDP per capita US$ 73,700 New Zealand: fossil share of heat 81%, GDP per capita US$ 49,600 Nicaragua: fossil share of heat 29%, GDP per capita US$ 3,170 Niger: fossil share of heat 5%, GDP per capita US$ 780 Nigeria: fossil share of heat 17%, GDP per capita US$ 1,220 North Macedonia: fossil share of heat 60%, GDP per capita US$ 10,500 Norway: fossil share of heat 56%, GDP per capita US$ 94,600 Oman: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 19,900 Pakistan: fossil share of heat 39%, GDP per capita US$ 1,600 Panama: fossil share of heat 75%, GDP per capita US$ 19,800 Paraguay: fossil share of heat 19%, GDP per capita US$ 7,030 Peru: fossil share of heat 69%, GDP per capita US$ 9,680 Philippines: fossil share of heat 49%, GDP per capita US$ 4,170 Poland: fossil share of heat 74%, GDP per capita US$ 28,400 Portugal: fossil share of heat 57%, GDP per capita US$ 32,100 Qatar: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 72,500 Republic of the Congo: fossil share of heat 10%, GDP per capita US$ 2,510 Romania: fossil share of heat 69%, GDP per capita US$ 22,500 Russia: fossil share of heat 94%, GDP per capita US$ 17,500 Rwanda: fossil share of heat 6%, GDP per capita US$ 1,120 Saudi Arabia: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 34,500 Senegal: fossil share of heat 44%, GDP per capita US$ 1,950 Serbia: fossil share of heat 60%, GDP per capita US$ 15,300 Singapore: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 98,800 Slovakia: fossil share of heat 76%, GDP per capita US$ 28,500 Slovenia: fossil share of heat 64%, GDP per capita US$ 37,400 South Africa: fossil share of heat 83%, GDP per capita US$ 6,600 South Korea: fossil share of heat 89%, GDP per capita US$ 36,200 South Sudan: fossil share of heat 14%, GDP per capita US$ 1,080 Spain: fossil share of heat 79%, GDP per capita US$ 38,600 Sri Lanka: fossil share of heat 14%, GDP per capita US$ 5,000 Sudan: fossil share of heat 4%, GDP per capita US$ 1,160 Suriname: fossil share of heat 76%, GDP per capita US$ 7,070 Sweden: fossil share of heat 18%, GDP per capita US$ 63,100 Switzerland: fossil share of heat 71%, GDP per capita US$ 114,800 Syria: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 1,060 Tajikistan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 1,640 Tanzania: fossil share of heat 9%, GDP per capita US$ 1,320 Thailand: fossil share of heat 64%, GDP per capita US$ 8,060 Togo: fossil share of heat 8%, GDP per capita US$ 1,380 Trinidad and Tobago: fossil share of heat 99%, GDP per capita US$ 19,000 Tunisia: fossil share of heat 74%, GDP per capita US$ 4,660 Turkmenistan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 6,540 Türkiye: fossil share of heat 86%, GDP per capita US$ 18,600 Uganda: fossil share of heat 4%, GDP per capita US$ 1,210 Ukraine: fossil share of heat 87%, GDP per capita US$ 5,870 United Arab Emirates: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 50,300 United Kingdom: fossil share of heat 93%, GDP per capita US$ 57,600 United States: fossil share of heat 88%, GDP per capita US$ 90,000 Uruguay: fossil share of heat 19%, GDP per capita US$ 25,200 Uzbekistan: fossil share of heat 100%, GDP per capita US$ 3,970 Venezuela: fossil share of heat 95%, GDP per capita US$ 3,490 Vietnam: fossil share of heat 77%, GDP per capita US$ 5,070 Yemen: fossil share of heat 97%, GDP per capita US$ 630 Zambia: fossil share of heat 11%, GDP per capita US$ 1,320 Zimbabwe: fossil share of heat 34%, GDP per capita US$ 3,020 Brazil China Ethiopia Germany India Israel Japan Nigeria Russia Sweden United States Zimbabwe

Poor countries heat with biomass. Middle- and high-income countries mostly burn coal, oil and gas. A few, such as Sweden, show that a rich country can run most of its heat without fossil fuels.

By region

Heat is the largest use of energy in 5 of 7 regions

Final energy use by purpose, weighted by each country's energy use.
  • Heat
  • Electricity
  • Transport
  • Europe and Central Asia
    51%
    19%
    30%
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
    70%
    9%
    21%
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
    38%
    20%
    42%
  • East Asia and the Pacific
    47%
    30%
    23%
  • Middle East and North Africa
    47%
    20%
    33%
  • South Asia
    61%
    19%
    20%
  • North America
    34%
    21%
    45%
  • World
    47%
    23%
    30%

Heat here is all fuel and district heating used in industry, buildings and agriculture, plus household electricity used for heating, hot water and cooking where data exists. Electricity that becomes heat elsewhere is counted as electricity, so the heat shares are on the low side. Countries without GDP data are left out of the scatter charts.

See all 150 countries.