Pakistan is a lower-middle-income country in South Asia with 255 million people, most of them living in rural areas. Heat makes up 68% of the energy it uses, well above the world average of about 47%.
Most of the heat comes from wood and other biomass (61%), followed by natural gas (23%). In total, 39% of the heat comes from coal, oil and gas. Electricity makes up 13% of energy use and is generated mainly from fossil fuels (51%).
The country
| Population | 255 million2025 |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita | US$ 1,6002025 |
| Area | 796,100 km²2024 |
| Urban population | 40%2025 |
| Access to electricity | 96%2024 |
| Access to clean cooking | 51%2024 |
| Final energy use | 856 TWh2023 |
Where the energy goes
Final energy use in Pakistan, 2023: 856 TWh.
- Heat68%
- Electricity13%
- Transport19%
Heat in five numbers
| Heatshare of all final energy use | 68% |
|---|---|
| Fossil heatshare of heat that comes from coal, oil and gas | 39% |
| Biomass and wastethe largest single source of heat | 61% |
| Electricityshare of final energy use, excluding transport | 13% |
| Fossil electricityshare of electricity generated from coal, oil and gas | 51% |
Heat is all fuel and district heating used in industry, buildings and agriculture. Electricity that becomes heat, for example in electric cookers and water heaters, is counted as electricity because no data is available, so the true heat share is somewhat higher.
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