Russia is a high-income country in Europe and Central Asia with 144 million people, most of them living in cities. Heat makes up 61% of the energy it uses, well above the world average of about 47%.
District heating is the largest source of heat (40%), followed by natural gas (36%). Almost all of the heat, 94%, comes from coal, oil and gas. Electricity makes up 14% of energy use and is generated mainly from fossil fuels (64%).
The country
| Population | 144 million2025 |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita | US$ 17,5002025 |
| Area | 17,125,200 km²2024 |
| Urban population | 75%2025 |
| Access to electricity | 100%2024 |
| Access to clean cooking | 100%2024 |
| Final energy use | 5,186 TWh2023 |
Where the energy goes
Final energy use in Russia, 2023: 5,186 TWh.
- Heat61%
- Electricity14%
- Transport25%
Heat in five numbers
| Heatshare of all final energy use | 61% |
|---|---|
| Fossil heatshare of heat that comes from coal, oil and gas | 94% |
| District heatingthe largest single source of heat | 40% |
| Electricityshare of final energy use, excluding transport | 14% |
| Fossil electricityshare of electricity generated from coal, oil and gas | 64% |
Heat is all fuel and district heating used in industry, buildings and agriculture. Electricity that becomes heat, for example in electric cookers and water heaters, is counted as electricity because no data is available, so the true heat share is somewhat higher.
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